Oligospermia is a condition characterized by a low sperm count in the semen, which can significantly impact male fertility. It is one of the leading causes of male infertility and affects approximately 15% of couples trying to conceive. Oligospermia is diagnosed when the sperm count falls below the threshold of 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen. While oligospermia doesn't necessarily mean a man cannot father a child, it may reduce the chances of conception. Causes of oligospermia can vary widely and may include hormonal imbalances, genetic factors, lifestyle choices such as smoking or excessive alcohol consumption, certain medications, infections, or exposure to environmental toxins.

Treatment for oligospermia depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Lifestyle modifications such as quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake, maintaining a healthy weight, and managing stress can sometimes improve sperm count. Additionally, addressing any underlying medical conditions or hormonal imbalances may help improve fertility. In cases where lifestyle changes and medical interventions are ineffective, assisted reproductive techniques such as intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be recommended to achieve pregnancy. It's crucial for individuals diagnosed with oligospermia to consult with a fertility specialist to explore the most appropriate treatment options based on their specific circumstances.