In vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an advanced assisted reproductive technology (ART) used to treat infertility caused by various factors, including male factor infertility, unexplained infertility, tubal factor infertility, or endometriosis. IVF-ICSI involves fertilizing eggs with sperm outside the body in a laboratory setting. Unlike traditional IVF, where sperm and eggs are mixed together in a dish and fertilization occurs naturally, ICSI involves the direct injection of a single sperm into each mature egg using a fine micropipette. This technique is particularly beneficial for couples dealing with severe male infertility issues, such as low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or abnormal sperm morphology, as it bypasses many of the barriers to fertilization.

The process of IVF-ICSI typically begins with ovarian stimulation to produce multiple mature eggs, which are then retrieved through a minor surgical procedure. The retrieved eggs are fertilized with sperm using the ICSI technique, and the resulting embryos are cultured in the laboratory for a few days before one or more embryos are transferred into the woman's uterus. Any remaining high-quality embryos may be cryopreserved (frozen) for future use. IVF-ICSI offers hope to couples struggling with infertility by increasing the chances of successful fertilization and pregnancy, even in cases where conventional methods have failed.